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Evidence validated by clinicians

General Practice / Family Medicinechronic kidney diseasePharmacology & Therapeutics

What precautions regarding renal function impairment should be considered when prescribing metformin in patients with chronic kidney disease?

- Metformin is recommended in CKD with eGFR ≥30 ml/min/1.73m² (KDIGO 2022, 1B) - Dose reduction should be considered at eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73m² and is generally required below 45; at eGFR 45–60, continue full dose with…

Heidi Clinical Team

Dr. Darran Foo

Validated Jul 14, 2026Updated Jul 14, 2026
Nursing: Anaesthetics, Recovery, Acute Pain Managementacute pain managementPharmacology & Therapeutics

How does the combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol compare in efficacy to either agent alone for acute pain management?

- The ibuprofen + paracetamol combination is generally superior to either agent alone for moderate-to-severe acute pain, particularly well-demonstrated in postoperative dental and surgical pain models. - The combination…

Heidi Clinical Team

Dominique Trauer

Validated May 21, 2026Updated May 21, 2026
General Medicinequetiapine contraindicationsPharmacology & Therapeutics

What are the contraindications of quetiapine?

- Only one absolute contraindication: known hypersensitivity to quetiapine or any formulation excipients (anaphylaxis has been reported) - Elderly with dementia-related psychosis: not approved for this use; associated…

Heidi Clinical Team

Dr. Jun-Ting Yeung

Validated May 21, 2026Updated May 21, 2026

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What precautions regarding renal function impairment should be considered when prescribing metformin in patients with chronic kidney disease?How does the combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol compare in efficacy to either agent alone for acute pain management?What are the contraindications of quetiapine?

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